Source: HowToCook (a programmer's guide)
Heat a non-stick frying pan over medium-high heat and add the oil. Once shimmering, arrange the frozen dumplings in a single layer — they should not touch. This pan-frying setup is your base for the two-stage cook: steam first, crust second.
Pour water into the pan until it reaches halfway up the dumpling sides. Cover immediately and maintain high heat. The steam will cook the wrapper and filling through; you're looking for vigorous steam, not a gentle simmer. After 8–10 minutes, the water level will drop noticeably — when only about 2 mm remains in the pan and you hear the water beginning to crack and pop rather than roll, the filling is cooked through. This is your cue to shift technique.
Reduce heat to medium and let the residual water finish evaporating. Once the pan is dry — listen for the gentle scrape of dumpling against metal rather than any hiss — the shallow-frying phase begins. The dumplings will now brown from contact with the hot pan. Shake the pan every 15–20 seconds so each dumpling develops even colour on its base. This takes 2–3 minutes. The bottom should turn deep gold and crackle slightly when you lift it with tongs; the sound tells you the skin has crisped, which means the starch has browned enough to form flavour through the Maillard reaction.
Turn off the heat while the dumplings still sit in the pan. Scatter over the black sesame seeds and spring onion, cover for 10 seconds to let the residual heat release their fragrance, then transfer to a plate. Do not oversoak the dumplings in the initial steaming phase — too much time and the wrapper becomes waterlogged and won't crisp in the final stage. Too little and the filling stays cold at the centre. The 8–10 minute window assumes standard frozen dumplings (roughly 50 g each); larger or thicker wrappers need an extra minute or two.
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