Source: Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861)
Butcher the partridges into legs, wings, breasts, and carcasses. This isn't decorative — separating the meat now means the delicate breast won't overcook whilst the legs finish. Heat 60 g butter in a heavy pot over medium-high heat. When foaming, add the ham and let it render for a minute, then brown the partridge pieces on both sides until the skin takes colour. Don't move them constantly; you want braising contact with the pot to build flavour through the Maillard reaction. Once the meat is sealed, add the shredded onions and celery to the pot. Stir until they begin to soften and release their moisture, about four minutes. Pour in 900 ml of the stock, bring to a bare simmer, and cover. Cook for 45 minutes — the point where the legs yield easily to a fork but the breasts remain taut. Remove the legs, wings, and breasts, setting them aside. Leave the carcasses and trimmings in the pot.
Simmer the bones and trimmings for a further hour. The long contact extracts collagen and strengthens the body of the broth. Strain through a fine sieve, pressing gently on the solids — you're after flavour, not cloudiness — then skim the surface fat with a ladle or paper towel. Return the strained liquid to the pot.
Meanwhile, simmer the carrot and turnip separately in the remaining 600 ml of stock until a knife passes through without resistance, roughly 25 minutes. This prevents them from breaking down and muddying the clarity of the finished soup.
Return the reserved partridge pieces to the pot and bring to a boil. Skim once more — stock-based-soups demand clarity — then reduce to a gentle simmer. Add the lump sugar, which rounds the gamey edge without sweetening, and taste for salt and pepper. Transfer the cooked carrot and turnip to serving bowls or a tureen, ladle the partridge and broth over them, distributing the legs, wings, and breasts evenly. The soup should be clean and amber-gold, the meat tender but holding its shape.
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